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An oncologist is a doctor who specializes in treating people with cancer. As a general matter, there are three types of clinical oncologists:

  • Medical oncologists specialize in treating cancer with drugs (chemotherapy).
  • Surgical oncologists specialize in treatment of cancer by surgery, as well as all surgical aspects relating to diagnosis. For example, surgical oncologists do biopsys. (A biopsy is a small amount of tissue which is examined under a microscope).
  • Radiation oncologists specialize in treating cancer by use of radiation. The radiation is used to destroy cancer cells.

Gynecologic oncologists are medical oncologists who specialize in the treatment of women with gynelogical cancers such as cervical and uterine cancers.

Pediatric oncologists specialize in the treatment of children with cancer. Medical oncologists, surgical oncologists and radiation oncologists.

All of the above oncologists are broadly known as "clinical oncologists" because they treat patients. Research oncologists conduct cancer research.  An oncologist can both treat patients and do research.


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